تقویت مهارت شنیداری با آموزش کلمات انگلیسی آب و هوا

در این قسمت از آموزش زبان انگلیسی در زبان علم ضمن آموزش کلمات انگلیسی آب و هوا ، به بررسی علت آتش سوزی های بزرگ به خصوص آتش سوزی جنگل های استرالیا می پردازیم و با ارائه یک فایل صوتی و متن آن هم به تقویت مهارت شنیداری نیز کمک خواهد شد و هم تعدادی از کلمات و اصطلاحات مربوط به تغییرات آب و هوایی را یاد خواهید گرفت.

در این فایل صوتی که مربوط به آموزش کلمات انگلیسی آب و هوا است، به دلایل آتش سوزی بزرگ جنگل های استرالیا پرداخته می شود. دلایلی مانند خشکسالی، پدیده Indian Ocean Dipole که ناشی از اختلاف دمانی سطح دریا در اقیانوس است، کاهش بارندگی در مناطق شمالی و جنوبی استرالیا و دمای بالای هوا در این جزیره و از همه مهمتر تغییرات آب و هوایی کره زمین. در ادامه به نقش تغییرات آب و هوایی در این آتش سوزی ها پرداخته می شود و در آن از attribution science نیز استفاده می شود.

At a global level, there are a number of process which have combined to contribute to the severity of this year’s fire season. Here’s Nicky Phillips, Nature’s Asia-Pacific Bureau Chief.

There are very natural processes that drive Australia’s bushfire risk. We’re in the middle of a drought, and drought is usually a factor in how severe our bushfire seasons are. Another natural factor that we had against us this year was this thing called the Indian Ocean Dipole and that’s kind of basically a difference in sea surface temperatures in the ocean, and when it’s in its positive phase, it reduces the amount of rainfall over southern and northern Australia. And then as if we didn’t need it, this year also there’s a phenomenon above Antarctica where these polar winds were kind of affected and changed direction, which, in the end, resulted in more kind of hot and dry weather over Australia. So, we had all these natural processes going on, but on top of all that, we’ve also got climate change.

Last year was Australia’s driest and hottest on record and, understandably, people want to know what role climate change is playing in the fires. Linking extreme events to climate change is known as attribution science – something we’ve covered on the pod before. By modelling multiple factors, researchers are able to offer an idea of whether an event was made more likely or more serious by climate change. Take the extreme heatwave in western Europe last year – researchers suggested that this spell was made at least ten times more likely by human-induced climate change. Sophie, who you heard from earlier, works on attribution science. Last year, she published a paper linking 2018 fires in northeastern Australia to climate change. Unlike heatwaves, fires are difficult to perform attribution studies on, partly due to their complexity. Here’s Sophie again.

We can have a really hot day in Australia, a scorcher, and we don’t have a bushfire because there’s so much more that goes into it. We need ignition, so that could be anything from a powerline failure, it could be a lightning strike, but we also need conditions to be primed in the environment for that fire so we need dry conditions, in terms of the fuel load and the fuel moisture content, we need winds to sustain the fire, we need, usually, low humidity, so there’s lots of different factors that go into that event, so it’s not as straightforward as looking at a heatwave, even though there’s also complexity in the weather that we experience with our heatwaves.

با گوش دادن به فایل صوتی و خواندن متن آن، ضمن آموزش کلمات انگلیسی آب و هوا، به دلایل آتش سوزی های فعلی در سراسر جهان آشنا می شوید.